Hyperandrogenism: Common Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatment Approaches

13 Dec 2024

Hormonal imbalances affect both men and women, influencing the body’s normal functioning. One of the most common forms of hormonal imbalance is hyperandrogenism, which occurs in both men and women. However, studies show that women are by far more affected by this condition. For example, approximately 10% of women of reproductive age suffer from PCOS, a major cause of hyperandrogenism. With obvious physical signs such as excessive hair growth, severe acne, and irregular menstrual cycles, this condition can significantly impact women’s quality of life. If left untreated or undiscovered in time, hyperandrogenism can have negative effects on both physical appearance and overall health.

Hyperandrogenism in Women and Men – Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

Hyperandrogenism is an abnormal increase in androgen hormone levels in the body. If not diagnosed in time, hyperandrogenism can lead to a series of long-term challenges. A good understanding of the mechanisms behind this condition is crucial to recognize its manifestations and find effective solutions for its management.

Hyperandrogenism – What it Means and What Tests Are Needed for Accurate Diagnosis?

Hyperandrogenism is an endocrinological condition characterized by excessive levels of androgen hormones, particularly in women. It can be caused by various disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian tumors, or it can be idiopathic. Typical symptoms include acne, hirsutism, alopecia, menstrual irregularities, and infertility.

The mechanisms by which hyperandrogenism affects the body are complex and varied. For example, excess androgens disrupt the normal menstrual cycle, leading to irregular ovulation or anovulation. This can cause infertility and increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia. Also, excess androgens stimulate the sebaceous glands and hair follicles, causing acne and hirsutism. Additionally, hyperandrogenism can affect lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, increasing the risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

How is this condition treated?

Generally, standard treatment for hyperandrogenism may include oral contraceptives or anti-androgenic medications, such as spironolactone. However, research has shown that certain dietary supplements can have beneficial effects on this condition. For example, a recent study found that zinc supplementation led to a significant reduction in androgen levels in women with PCOS, a common form of hyperandrogenism. Zinc plays a crucial role in regulating hormonal metabolism and maintaining ovarian health. Furthermore, this mineral has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help improve the overall health of the reproductive system.

However, specialists believe that zinc supplements should be high-quality, without sugar, lactose, or preservatives. Fortunately, our zinc tablets have been created according to these principles, so you can get the daily dose needed to reduce hyperandrogenism symptoms. Each bottle contains 60 capsules, with a superior concentration of 25 mg. Try Zinc 25 mg, 60 Tablets too, for a strong, healthy body resistant to unpleasant hormonal imbalances!

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How is hyperandrogenism diagnosed?

Accurate diagnosis is essential for establishing an appropriate and personalized treatment plan. Here’s how it’s done:

Clinical evaluation – includes a thorough physical examination, where the doctor observes visible signs of excess androgens, such as hirsutism, acne, and male
pattern baldness. The Ferriman-Gallwey score is used to quantify hirsutism, assessing hair growth in nine body areas. A detailed medical history complements the physical examination, providing information about menstrual history, family history, and recent lifestyle changes.
Hormone tests – the main tests include measuring total and free testosterone, DHEA-S, androstenedione, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels. Free testosterone is considered the most sensitive indicator of hyperandrogenism, although its precise measurement can be difficult. DHEA-S and androstenedione provide information about the source of androgen excess, whether ovarian or adrenal. In addition to androgen hormones, other hormones such as FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), and prolactin are also measured. These tests help rule out other causes of hormonal imbalance and can provide important clues for differential diagnosis. For example, an LH/FSH ratio greater than 2 may suggest polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Imaging investigations, particularly pelvic ultrasound, play a crucial role in evaluating ovarian morphology and excluding tumors. Transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound allows for the measurement of ovarian volume and the counting of antral follicles. An ovarian volume greater than 10 cm3 or the presence of 12 or more follicles with a diameter between 2-9 mm in each ovary are suggestive of PCOS.
Additional metabolic and endocrine tests – for a complete evaluation, other metabolic and endocrine tests are often performed. These include lipid profile and glucose tolerance test to identify insulin resistance. These tests are important, as hyperandrogenism, particularly in the case of PCOS, can have significant metabolic implications.
Interpretation of results and diagnosis – the doctor will consider specific criteria for various conditions associated with hyperandrogenism, such as the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS. However, the final diagnosis may require ruling out other causes of hyperandrogenism. In some cases, consultation with multiple specialists, including endocrinologists and gynecologists, may be necessary.

Hyperandrogenism in Women – How Does it Manifest?

Hyperandrogenism affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. The prevalence varies depending on the diagnostic criteria used and the population studied, but it is a relatively common condition among women. Generally, the condition occurs when the body produces or overreacts to androgen hormones. The main causes include:

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – the most common cause, affecting up to 10% of women of reproductive age;
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia – a genetic disorder affecting the adrenal glands;
Ovarian or adrenal tumors – rare, but can produce large amounts of androgens;
Cushing’s Syndrome – caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol;
Medications – some medications can increase androgen levels in the body;
Insulin resistance – can stimulate androgen production in the ovaries.

What are the symptoms of hyperandrogenism?

The clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism can affect the quality of life for affected women, causing discomfort and sometimes frustration. Symptoms such as excessive hair growth, acne, or menstrual irregularities can impact self-esteem. Even though these challenges may seem bothersome, it is important for women to know that there are solutions and treatments available that can help restore hormonal balance. A doctor will evaluate the symptoms and perform the necessary tests, then recommend a personalized treatment plan.

The main symptoms include:

Hirsutism – excessive growth of facial and body hair in a typical male pattern;
Acne – onset or worsening of acne, especially on the face, chest, and back;
Androgenic alopecia – thinning of scalp hair, particularly in the frontal and vertex areas;
Voice changes – deepening of the voice, similar to a male voice;
Clitoromegaly – enlargement of the clitoris, a rarer symptom;
Menstrual irregularities – irregular periods, amenorrhea, or oligomenorrhea;
Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant;
Weight gain or obesity, especially in the abdominal area;
Mood changes – irritability, depression, or anxiety.

Hyperandrogenism in Men – How Common Is It and What Are the Causes?

Hyperandrogenism in men is a less common condition compared to its female form. The exact incidence is difficult to determine, as symptoms can be subtle and often unnoticed. Estimates suggest that this condition affects between 1% and 5% of the adult male population, varying based on diagnostic criteria and age groups studied.

Thus, the causes of hyperandrogenism in men can include:

Testicular or adrenal tumors producing androgens;
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia;
Anabolic steroid abuse;
Androgen resistance;
Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome;
Excessive use of testosterone supplements.

Clinical Symptoms of Hyperandrogenism in Men

Hyperandrogenism in men is a hormonal health problem that can often go unnoticed but can have notable effects on daily life. This hormonal imbalance can manifest through a variety of clinical symptoms, from changes in facial and body hair to issues related to libido. For example, men may notice increased hair growth in unusual areas, while scalp hair may begin to thin.

Generally, doctors may suspect hyperandrogenism in men who present with:

Rapid and unusual muscle growth;
Severe acne, especially in adulthood;
Early or accelerated baldness;
Increased aggression or behavioral changes;
Infertility;
Gynecomastia – development of breast tissue in men;
Prostate problems.

Considering these manifestations, it is important to know that early diagnosis of hyperandrogenism in men is essential to prevent long-term complications. Men who ignore the signs of hyperandrogenism risk suffering from cardiovascular diseases or prostate cancer. Early identification also allows for the detection and treatment of underlying causes, especially in the case of tumors that can affect hormone levels.

Furthermore, a proper diagnosis helps prevent the negative psychological effects associated with hormonal imbalances. Men who suspect they may have excess androgens are encouraged to consult an endocrinologist for a comprehensive evaluation and a personalized treatment plan that addresses their specific needs.

Clinical Hyperandrogenism – Management and Symptom Monitoring Measures

Clinical hyperandrogenism is a hormonal condition characterized by increased levels of androgen hormones in the body. This condition can affect both women and men, but it manifests differently depending on sex. The importance of medical consultation and appropriate treatment cannot be overstated in managing this condition.

Thus, for women, prescribed treatments may include:

Combined oral contraceptives;
Anti-androgen medications (e.g., spironolactone, finasteride);
Metformin (in cases associated with insulin resistance);
Glucocorticoid therapy (in cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia).

In contrast, for men, these may include:

5-alpha reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride, dutasteride);
Anti-androgen medications (in severe cases);
Hormone replacement therapy (in cases of hypogonadism).

However, while they can be beneficial in restoring hormonal balance, medical treatments may also have some undesirable consequences. For example, in the case of oral contraceptives, side effects may include weight gain, mood changes, and an increased risk of venous or arterial thrombosis.

Holistic Solutions for Managing Hyperandrogenism

Studies show that certain dietary supplements, as well as a healthy lifestyle, can help in treating and alleviating the hormonal condition. Here are some dietary supplements recommended by specialists for managing hyperandrogenism:

Zinc

Zinc is involved in various biochemical processes in the body, including the synthesis of steroid hormones. Through this process, zinc can help reduce androgen levels, thus helping to alleviate hyperandrogenism symptoms. Studies have shown that adequate zinc intake can improve hormonal balance in both women and men.

Our supplement Zinc 25 mg, 60 tablets is effective and easy to use, with a concentration of 25 mg, which guarantees the recommended daily dose for adults. These tablets do not contain sugar, salt, starch, yeast, wheat, soy, gluten, dairy products, preservatives, or artificial flavors. Each bottle is enough for two months. Take just one tablet a day and enjoy all the benefits of this highly valuable mineral for the human body!

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Magnesium

By improving insulin sensitivity, magnesium can help maintain hormonal balance and prevent fluctuations that could lead to hyperandrogenism. Magnesium deficiencies are common in the modern diet, and its supplementation can have a positive impact on hormonal health.

Inositol

Inositol, a compound similar to B vitamins, has gained popularity among researchers for its role in improving insulin sensitivity. This substance can help reduce androgen levels, especially in women with PCOS. By restoring metabolic balance, inositol can help alleviate symptoms associated with hyperandrogenism, such as acne and excessive hair growth. It can be found in fruits, beans, and whole grains, but it is best absorbed in supplement form.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D supplementation can help alleviate symptoms related to excess androgens. Studies suggest that adequate vitamin D levels support bone health and positively influence hormonal metabolism. In addition, moderate sun exposure can contribute to the body’s natural synthesis of vitamin D.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, which can play an important role in reducing hyperandrogenism symptoms. By reducing inflammation, they can help improve insulin sensitivity, which in turn can influence androgen levels in the body.

In addition to the supplements mentioned, adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial in managing hyperandrogenism.

Here are some changes that may be necessary in this case:

Diet: a balanced diet rich in lean protein, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates can help maintain balanced hormone levels.
Exercise: regular physical activity can improve insulin sensitivity and help maintain a healthy weight.
Stress management: chronic stress can disrupt hormone levels.
Avoiding toxins: reducing exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the environment can help maintain healthy hormone levels.

In conclusion, managing hyperandrogenism requires a comprehensive approach that combines medical treatment with lifestyle changes and natural supplements. Each individual may respond differently to various interventions, which is why treatment personalization is essential. In this context, consulting a specialized doctor is crucial to evaluate symptoms and determine the most effective intervention strategies. This ensures both an accurate diagnosis and helps monitor progress throughout treatment.

References:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7206839/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/hyperandrogenism
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8548673/

Photo source: shutterstock.com

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