Old Wives’ Remedies for Dry Cough in Adults: Effective Treatments Based on Natural Folk Remedies and Cures

Dry cough is a frequent symptom encountered in respiratory pathology, characterized by the absence of expectoration and determined by the stimulation of cough receptors located in the upper and lower respiratory tract. It can have multiple etiologies, including viral infections, exposure to irritants, allergic reactions, or underlying conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux or bronchial hyperreactivity.

This article explores natural therapeutic interventions traditionally used in the management of unproductive cough, analyzing their mechanisms of action and efficacy. Both the causes and physiopathological particularities of dry cough, as well as the ways in which phytotherapy and complementary medicine can support the reduction of respiratory mucosa irritation and the amelioration of associated symptoms, will be addressed.

What is dry cough and what are its causes?

Dry cough, also called unproductive cough, is a protective reflex of the airways, triggered by the stimulation of cough receptors located in the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Unlike productive cough, which facilitates the elimination of bronchial secretions and cleanses the respiratory tract, dry cough is not accompanied by expectoration, making it frequently irritating, persistent, and debilitating for the patient.

This form of cough is characterized by hypersensitivity of the vagal nerve endings in the respiratory mucosa, leading to recurrent episodes, often aggravated by exposure to cold air, dust, or other irritating particles. Symptoms may include a prickly sensation (itching) in the pharynx, episodes of spasmodic coughing, and worsening of nocturnal symptoms, which can significantly interfere with the patient’s sleep and quality of life.

Unproductive cough can have multiple causes, and correctly identifying the triggering factor is essential for choosing effective therapy.

The most common etiologies include:

• Acute viral infections (common cold, flu, SARS-CoV-2 infections) – The inflammatory process affects the upper respiratory tract, causing irritation of the tracheal and laryngeal mucosa. After the infection resolves, the cough may persist due to hypersensitization of the cough receptors.
• Respiratory allergies (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, hypersensitivity to mites, pollen, or mold) – Exposure to allergens triggers the release of histamine, which can lead to bronchospasm and irritative cough.
• Gastroesophageal reflux – Gastric acid that refluxes into the esophagus can stimulate receptors in the larynx and pharynx, generating a persistent dry cough, especially at night.
• Side effects of certain medications (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors – ACE inhibitors, used in the treatment of hypertension) – These pharmacological agents can induce a chronic irritative cough by accumulating bradykinin in the respiratory tract.
• Exposure to irritants (cigarette smoke, air pollution, inhaled chemicals) – Inhaled particles can trigger a localized inflammatory reaction, favoring the persistence of cough.

Managing irritative cough requires a multimodal approach, aimed at both symptom relief and protection of the respiratory mucosa. For patients with recurrent or persistent cough, the administration of herbal preparations with emollient and anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce the cough stimulus and protect the tracheobronchial epithelium.

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The Easy Breathing Package represents a complementary option for supporting respiratory function, formulated with plant extracts and essential nutrients that help soothe irritated mucosa and reduce the sensitivity of the airways. With its composition, this phytotherapeutic protocol can support the recovery of the respiratory tract affected by persistent cough, offering a gentle and effective solution for patients with dry cough of various etiologies.

Identifying the underlying cause and applying appropriate therapy are essential for effective control of dry cough. In the following sections, we will explore traditional treatment methods, focusing on natural remedies with proven efficacy in relieving symptoms and improving respiratory health.

Associated symptoms of dry cough

Dry cough may be accompanied by a series of associated clinical manifestations, the intensity and characteristics of which are determined by the underlying etiology and the severity of the condition. These symptoms can be important indicators in establishing a differential diagnosis and choosing the optimal therapeutic approach. Early identification of these manifestations allows for rapid intervention and reduces the risk of complications.

Among the most common associated symptoms are odynophagia (painful swallowing), dysphonia (hoarseness), a sensation of chest tightness, and asthenia (generalized fatigue). Repeated irritation of the pharyngeal mucosa through recurrent coughing episodes can cause local inflammation, with the appearance of a burning sensation or sore throat. Furthermore, overuse of the vocal cords can lead to changes in vocal timbre, from moderate dysphonia to transient aphonia, affecting communication capacity and significantly impacting quality of life.

In certain circumstances, alarming clinical manifestations may occur, requiring emergency medical evaluation. These include dyspnea (difficulty breathing), persistent hyperthermia (fever that does not respond to symptomatic treatment), hemoptysis (coughing up blood), and unexplained weight loss. The presence of these signs may suggest severe respiratory pathologies, such as complicated bacterial infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, bronchopulmonary neoplasms, or cardiovascular conditions, requiring further investigations to rule out life-threatening causes.

Monitoring the evolution of cough and associated symptomatology is essential for establishing an appropriate therapeutic approach. Persistence of cough beyond three weeks or its association with any of the mentioned severity symptoms requires a specialist medical consultation for complete clinical and paraclinical investigations. An early diagnostic and therapeutic approach can prevent disease progression and facilitate faster recovery, minimizing the impact on respiratory function and general health.

The most effective traditional remedies for dry cough

Traditional phytotherapy offers numerous complementary solutions for relieving unproductive cough, based on the use of medicinal plants and natural extracts with emollient, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties. These remedies, passed down through generations, are valued for their symptomatic effectiveness and favorable safety profile, especially in managing irritative cough of viral or allergic etiology.

A hallmark preparation of folk medicine is onion syrup with honey, known for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. The sulfur compounds in onions exert a local antiseptic effect on the oropharyngeal mucosa, while honey acts as an emollient agent, reducing irritation and protecting the respiratory epithelium. To prepare this remedy, it is recommended to macerate sliced onion in honey for 12-24 hours, and then administer the resulting liquid fractionally, in doses of 1-2 teaspoons 3-4 times a day, to soothe irritation and reduce cough receptor hyperreactivity.

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Another frequently used phytotherapeutic option is plantain infusion (Plantago lanceolata), a plant with anti-inflammatory and mucoprotective properties, due to its rich content of flavonoids and mucilage. Regular administration of 2-3 cups of tea per day, prepared by infusing dried leaves in hot water for 10-15 minutes, helps reduce laryngeal and pharyngeal inflammation, ameliorating episodes of dry cough.

In addition to orally administered remedies, traditional medicine also utilizes external applications, such as apple cider vinegar compresses, for their decongestant and revulsive effects. By stimulating local circulation and inducing mild vasodilation at the skin level, this method can promote the relaxation of thoracic muscles and reduce the frequency of nocturnal cough episodes. Applying compresses to the thoracic region before bedtime and keeping them on for a few hours can help fluidize secretions and reduce the hypersensitivity of the respiratory mucosa.

Natural syrups for soothing dry cough

Syrups obtained from plant extracts represent an optimal pharmaceutical form for administering bioactive compounds with a calming effect on the respiratory mucosa. The viscous texture of these preparations forms a protective layer over the oropharyngeal epithelium, reducing the irritation of cough receptors and contributing to a decrease in the frequency of cough episodes. Furthermore, preparing these syrups at home allows for quality control of the ingredients, avoiding exposure to preservatives and artificial additives found in commercial products.

A phytopreparation with a mild antiseptic and expectorant action is pine bud syrup (Pinus sylvestris). It contains volatile oils, flavonoids, and organic acids, active substances with bronchodilating and antimicrobial roles, which help fluidify secretions and calm the hyperactivity of the respiratory mucosa. The cold maceration extraction method ensures the integrity of the active compounds, and it is recommended to administer this syrup in doses of 1-2 teaspoons 2-3 times a day.

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Another syrup with antiseptic and immunostimulant properties is the one obtained from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and propolis. Thyme contains thymol and carvacrol, two compounds with bronchodilating and antitussive effects, while propolis is recognized for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity on the respiratory mucosa. The combination of the two ingredients promotes the reduction of oropharyngeal inflammation and improves respiratory tone, possessing a therapeutic profile particularly useful in episodes of persistent cough.

Ginger, lemon, and honey syrup for respiratory tract health

Last but not least, a syrup with anti-inflammatory and mucoprotective action is based on ginger (Zingiber officinale), lemon (Citrus limon), and honey. Ginger contains gingerols and shogaols, bioactive substances with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which contribute to reducing respiratory mucosa irritation and modulating the immune response. Its association with lemon (a natural source of ascorbic acid and flavonoids) and honey (known for its emollient and antibacterial properties) optimizes the therapeutic effect, and daily administration of this syrup is indicated for supporting respiratory tract health.

Natural syrups represent a complementary approach in managing dry cough, offering an effective and well-tolerated alternative to conventional pharmaceutical syrups. Through the combination of traditional phytotherapeutic mechanisms and modern knowledge of plant bioactive compounds, these preparations can contribute to the amelioration of respiratory symptomatology.

Teas and infusions beneficial for dry cough

Medicinal teas and infusions are a particularly effective adjuvant therapeutic method for relieving unproductive cough, due to their ability to hydrate irritated mucosa, modulate the inflammatory response, and facilitate the regeneration of the respiratory epithelium. Regular administration of plant extracts in infusion form allows for optimal absorption of bioactive active ingredients, maximizing their pharmacodynamic benefits.

A plant with significant therapeutic potential is wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum), recognized for its antiseptic, antispasmodic, and expectorant properties. The main active compounds, thymol and carvacrol, exert antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects on the respiratory tract, contributing to the relaxation of bronchial muscles and reducing cough episodes. The infusion is prepared by thermal extraction of volatile substances by infusing 1-2 teaspoons of dried plant in 250 ml of hot water for 10 minutes; it is recommended to consume 2-3 cups a day for maximum therapeutic effect.

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Linden flower infusion and its benefits for respiratory health

Another reference phytotherapeutic remedy is linden flower infusion (Tilia cordata), traditionally used for its emollient and sedative effects. The rich mucilage content allows the formation of a protective film on the pharyngeal mucosa, reducing the hypersensitivity of cough receptors and ameliorating throat irritation. Additionally, the phenolic compounds present in linden flowers have a relaxing effect on the nervous system, making this tea ideal for evening administration before bedtime. The infusion is prepared by extracting 2 teaspoons of dried flowers in 300 ml of hot water for 15 minutes and is recommended for patients with recurrent nocturnal dry cough.

In cases of chronic irritative cough, marsh mallow root tea (Althaea officinalis) is a phytotherapeutic solution with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Due to its high mucilage concentration, this plant extract provides mechanical protection to the respiratory mucosa, reducing dryness and tracheal irritation. Unlike other infusions, the preparation of this tea involves cold maceration, ensuring the preservation of mucilage properties. It is recommended to macerate 2 teaspoons of crushed root in 250 ml of cold water for 30 minutes, followed by filtration and fractional administration throughout the day.

Honey and bee products remedies for dry cough

Bee products are a valuable adjuvant in the symptomatic therapy of dry cough, due to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulant properties on the respiratory mucosa. These biologically active substances, used in traditional medicine for centuries, are increasingly integrated into modern phytotherapy approaches due to their complex therapeutic profile and ability to modulate immune response and inflammation.

One of the most effective bee products is *Manuka honey*, recognized for its high concentration of methylglyoxal (MGO), a compound with a potent bactericidal effect, capable of combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Beyond its antimicrobial action, Manuka honey exerts an emollient and anti-inflammatory effect on the pharyngeal mucosa, contributing to the reduction of cough receptor hypersensitivity and local irritation. It is recommended to administer 1-2 teaspoons of honey with UMF (Unique Manuka Factor) 10+ or higher, three times a day, to optimize therapeutic benefits and accelerate the healing process of upper respiratory tract inflammation.

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Propolis: The natural antibiotic with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects

A bee product with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects is *propolis*, often called the “natural antibiotic” due to its rich composition of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes, substances with antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. By inhibiting viral replication and stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, propolis supports the body’s natural defense mechanisms against respiratory infections. Administration in tincture form involves dissolving 20-30 drops in water or tea, three times a day, to maximize the antimicrobial effect and reduce symptoms associated with persistent cough.

In addition to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, *royal jelly* offers essential metabolic and immunological support due to its rich content of B-complex vitamins, essential amino acids, and 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), a bioactive compound with antibacterial and adaptogenic properties. By modulating the immune response and reducing oxidative stress, royal jelly contributes to shortening the duration of infectious episodes and improving the body’s resistance. It is recommended to administer 500-1000 mg of lyophilized royal jelly daily, sublingually or in combination with honey, to support recovery processes and strengthen the immune system.

Integrating bee products into the treatment regimen for dry cough allows for a complex therapeutic approach that not only alleviates symptoms but also targets underlying inflammatory and immunological mechanisms. Combining them with phytotherapeutic remedies and external therapies can enhance therapeutic effects and ensure a faster and more effective recovery.

External treatments and compresses for dry cough relief

External therapy through compresses, poultices, and massage represents a complementary method for soothing respiratory tract irritation and reducing the frequency of dry cough episodes, especially during the night. These techniques, traditionally used for their decongestant, anti-inflammatory, and revulsive effects, facilitate the relaxation of thoracic muscles, improve respiratory function, and promote more restful sleep.

One of the most effective external methods is the eucalyptus oil compress, a remedy known for its bronchodilating and anti-inflammatory properties. Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), the main active component of eucalyptus oil, acts by stimulating beta-adrenergic receptors in the airways, causing relaxation of bronchial muscles and fluidization of secretions. For application, add 5-10 drops of eucalyptus essential oil to a basin of warm water, soak a compress, and apply it to the thoracic and cervical area for 15-20 minutes. Repeating the procedure 2-3 times a day, especially before bedtime, can help open airways and reduce inflammation of the tracheobronchial mucosa.

Mustard poultice: A revulsive method for chest decongestion

A revulsive method used in traditional medicine is the mustard poultice, which exerts a rubefacient effect by stimulating local circulation and inducing superficial hyperthermia, contributing to chest decongestion. Its preparation involves mixing mustard flour with warm water until a paste is formed, which is then spread on a piece of thin cloth and applied to the sternum and upper back. The poultice should be kept on for 10-15 minutes, and the skin should be monitored to avoid skin irritation. This technique is indicated for dry cough associated with chest congestion, having a stimulating effect on capillary circulation and relaxing respiratory muscles.

Thoracic massage with essential oils combines the benefits of aromatherapy with the therapeutic effects of lymphatic and neuromuscular massage, facilitating the reduction of muscle tension and soothing the cough stimulus. An effective combination is a blend of lavender essential oil and tea tree essential oil, diluted in a carrier oil (almond, coconut, or jojoba oil). Lavender has a relaxing and sedative effect, helping to alleviate nocturnal cough, while tea tree oil has antimicrobial and antiviral properties, supporting the elimination of pathogens from the respiratory tract. It is recommended to apply a few drops of the mixture and gently massage the thoracic and dorsal area, especially before bedtime, to promote relaxation and support the body’s natural defense mechanisms.

Inhalations and aromatherapy for soothing dry cough

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The administration of volatile active ingredients directly to the airways is done through inhalations and aromatherapy. This represents an effective therapeutic strategy. It reduces inflammation of the respiratory mucosa. It fluidifies bronchial secretions. It soothes tracheal irritation. Essentially, such methods facilitate the rapid diffusion of bioactive compounds. They ensure direct local action. They offer optimized absorption. Integrating these techniques into the treatment of dry cough allows for effective complementarity to internal and external therapies. Thus strengthening a holistic approach. It helps manage respiratory symptoms.

The use of essential oils in inhalations is indicated. It is useful for their expectorant, antiseptic, and bronchodilating effects. It is a therapeutic method with rapid action on irritated mucosa. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) is known for its high content of 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol). It exhibits mucolytic and anti-inflammatory effects. It promotes airway opening. It reduces tracheobronchial congestion. To perform inhalations, it is recommended to add 3-5 drops of eucalyptus essential oil to a bowl of hot water. Inhale the steam for 5-10 minutes. The head should be covered with a towel. This maximizes the absorption of volatile compounds.

Besides eucalyptus, other essential oils have antimicrobial and antitussive activity. These include Scots pine oil (Pinus sylvestris) and thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris). These can be used similarly. Pine contains α-pinene and limonene. These are compounds with bronchodilating and expectorant effects. Thyme is rich in thymol and carvacrol. These are substances with antiseptic and antiviral properties. They are useful in cases of persistent cough associated with upper respiratory tract inflammation.

Aromatherapy diffuser – benefits and recommended blends

The use of an aromatherapy diffuser allows for the uniform dispersion of volatile compounds into the air. It ensures controlled and prolonged exposure to active substances. This type of administration is particularly beneficial during the night, when dry cough tends to worsen. An optimal blend for nocturnal diffusion can include 2 drops of lavender oil. 2 drops of eucalyptus oil can also be added. Furthermore, 1 drop of peppermint oil is useful. A synergistic effect is created. It relaxes respiratory muscles. It reduces tracheal irritation. It promotes restful sleep.

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is recognized for its sedative and antispasmodic effects. It helps reduce episodes of nocturnal cough. The menthol in peppermint oil (Mentha piperita) acts on thermal receptors in the respiratory tract. It induces a cooling sensation. It eases breathing.

Beyond essential oils, medicinal plants used in inhalations help reduce respiratory mucosa inflammation. They ameliorate pharyngeal irritation. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is rich in bisabolol and flavonoids. It has anti-inflammatory and emollient effects. It is recommended in cases of persistent cough and laryngeal irritation. Infusing 2 tablespoons of dried chamomile flowers in a bowl of hot water is recommended. Followed by inhaling the steam for 10 minutes. It can contribute to rapid cough relief. It also helps protect the respiratory mucosa.

Sage – properties and use in inhalations

Sage (Salvia officinalis), due to its thujone and camphor content, has antiseptic, astringent, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is effective in relieving pharyngeal discomfort associated with irritative cough. For inhalations, add one tablespoon of dried leaves to a bowl of hot water. Inhale the steam for 10 minutes. This provides a direct effect on the upper respiratory tract.

These methods offer a direct and effective route. Bioactive substances with antitussive, mucolytic, and anti-inflammatory effects are administered. They have the advantage of rapid absorption at the respiratory epithelium level. Their use in conjunction with the internal and external therapies discussed previously allows for optimized management of dry cough. It minimizes mucosal irritation. It improves respiratory symptoms.

Lifestyle changes for preventing and relieving dry cough

Adopting a healthy lifestyle is an essential element. It helps prevent and relieve dry cough. It has a direct impact on the health of the respiratory system. It influences the body’s ability to fight irritants and infections. These changes can significantly improve the body’s response. The response is to environmental irritants. These modifications enhance the effects of natural remedies and external treatments. Thus, they ensure faster recovery. They also reduce the frequency of cough episodes.

A first fundamental aspect is optimizing the indoor environment. This is especially true during the cold season. During this season, dry air promotes irritation of the respiratory mucosa. Maintaining a relative humidity between 40-60% is beneficial. This is done by using humidifiers. It can also be achieved by placing water containers near heat sources. This maintenance helps prevent dryness of the pharyngeal mucosa. It also helps reduce the sensation of irritation. For people with respiratory allergies or increased sensitivity to pollutants, investing in an air purifier with a HEPA filter is recommended. This device can remove dust particles, pollen, mites, and other triggers of respiratory inflammation. Thus, the risk of recurrent dry cough episodes is minimized.

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Adequate hydration plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the respiratory epithelium and facilitating toxin elimination. Regular consumption of still water, warm soups, and natural juices is recommended, avoiding dehydrating beverages such as coffee, alcohol, and carbonated drinks. Optimal hydration contributes to fluidifying secretions, preventing the accumulation of irritants on the respiratory mucosa, and thus reducing the cough stimulus.

Anti-inflammatory diet – foods and benefits for immunity

Another important aspect is adopting an anti-inflammatory diet. This diet should support the optimal functioning of the immune system. Consuming foods rich in antioxidants can help. These include berries, green vegetables, and nuts. Omega-3 fatty acids are also important. They are found in fatty fish, flax seeds, and extra virgin olive oil. Spices with anti-inflammatory properties are beneficial. These include turmeric, ginger, and cinnamon. These foods can help reduce systemic inflammation. They also help protect the airways from external aggressions.

Stress management and improving sleep quality are essential aspects. They help maintain respiratory and overall health. Chronic stress can affect the immune response. It increases susceptibility to respiratory infections. Insufficient or unrefreshing sleep can prolong the duration of cough episodes. Relaxation techniques can help balance the nervous system. Deep breathing and stretching are examples. Adopting an adequate sleep routine is important. Avoiding exposure to screens and stimulants before bedtime is essential. This facilitates the body’s regeneration. People suffering from gastroesophageal reflux can benefit from slightly elevating the head of the bed. Gastroesophageal reflux is a common cause of nocturnal cough. Elevating the head of the bed reduces acid reflux. Thus, it prevents irritation of the esophageal mucosa.

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Moreover, moderate physical activity can contribute to improving lung capacity. This includes outdoor walks. Swimming is also beneficial. Diaphragmatic breathing exercises are useful. This physical activity also helps strengthen the immune system. Exercises involving deep breathing can improve lung function. They can help relax thoracic muscles. Thus, they facilitate breathing during cough episodes. However, during the acute phase of cough, intense physical exertion should be avoided. It can worsen airway irritation.

Quitting smoking – importance for respiratory health

An essential factor in the health of the respiratory system is quitting smoking. It is also important to avoid exposure to cigarette smoke. Smoking is one of the most aggressive irritants of the respiratory mucosa. It promotes chronic inflammation of the bronchi. It also leads to a decrease in the lungs’ natural defense mechanisms. Smokers who frequently experience irritative cough should consider smoking cessation programs. The use of nicotine replacement therapies is important. Medical and psychological support from a specialist is also necessary. Additionally, avoiding passive smoking and atmospheric pollutants can prevent the exacerbation of cough episodes. Pollutants include chemical aerosols and synthetic fragrances.

In conclusion, a holistic approach to dry cough can offer an effective and sustainable solution for this bothersome condition. This approach combines traditional remedies, natural solutions, and lifestyle modifications. Furthermore, implementing these changes can help in effectively managing dry cough. This is true alongside the use of the natural remedies discussed. It also helps improve overall respiratory health.

References:

1. Eccles, R. (2005). Understanding the symptoms of the common cold and influenza. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 5(11), 718-725. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70270-X;

2. Cohen, S., Tyrrell, D. A., & Smith, A. P. (1991). Psychological stress and susceptibility to the common cold. New England Journal of Medicine, 325(9), 606-612. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199108293250903;

3. Oduwole, O., Meremikwu, M. M., Oyo-Ita, A., & Udoh, E. E. (2014). Honey for acute cough in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (12). DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007094.pub4;

4. Paul, I. M., Beiler, J., McMonagle, A., Shaffer, M. L., Duda, L., & Berlin Jr, C. M. (2007). Effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and no treatment on nocturnal cough and sleep quality for coughing children and their parents. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 161(12), 1140-1146. DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.161.12.1140.

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